Summary
Keywords
Full Transcript
anatomical directions || अनटोमिकाल डिरेक्शन्स Standard anatomical directions are specific directional “terms” to locate structure with reference to others. We describe the position and relation between various structures by using standard anatomical directions. To be able to direct others to specific anatomical structures, or to find structures based on someone else’s directions, it is extremely useful to have specific pairs of terms that allow you to direct your search with respect to the location of another, known structure. These particular directive terms compare the position of two structures relative to one another in the anatomical position. They are in pairs of opposites, so if the chest is superior to the abs, it is automatically inferred that the abs are inferior to the chest. The following pairs of terms are used to locate an anatomical direction. Each term is used to direct a first structure or feature with respect to the position of a second structure or feature. 1. Anterior = In front of or front 2. Posterior = In behind of or behind Identical to the front and back of a body in anatomical position. A muscle that is anterior to another is closer to the front of the body when the body is in anatomical position. A muscle that is posterior to another is closer to the back of the body when the body is in anatomical position. Example:- CHEST Muscle group is an Anterior Muscle group whereas the BACK Muscle group is a posterior Muscle Group. 3. Distal = Away from the point of origin or farthest away from the torso 4. Proximal = Closer to the point of origin or towards the torso Identical to near and far. Used to indicate the positions of muscles and structures along with the limbs with respect to the trunk of the body. A muscle that is proximal to something else is closer to the limb’s point of attachment to the torso. A muscle that is distal to something else is farther away from the limb’s point of attachment. Example:- Biceps is proximal to the shoulder joint whereas the forearm is distal to the shoulder joint. 5. Medial = Towards the body’s midline 6. Lateral = Away from the body’s midline Identical to towards the middle or towards outside. Used with respect to the midline of the torso of a body in anatomical position. A structure that is medial to another is closer to the midline of the body’s torso. A feature that is lateral to another is farther away from the midline of the torso. Example: Chest Muscles are medial whereas the biceps are lateral. 7. Superior = Towards the head 8. Inferior = Away from the head Identical to above and below when moving along the long axis of a body in an anatomical position. The structure that is superior to another is above the second structure when the body is in an anatomical position. A structure that is inferior to another is below the second feature when the body is in an anatomical position. Example: Chest Muscles are superior whereas the leg muscles are inferior. (Don’t get confused with the words, Cranial and Caudal which are used for four-legged animals with tails than for upright humans. Cranial is towards the head whereas caudal is towards the tail.) 9. Central = Deep OR Farther from the surface 10. Peripheral = Superficial OR Nearer to the surface Identical to closer to the surface and farther from the surface. For example, The heart is deep as it lay inside the body whereas hairs are peripheral as they lay nearer to the skin or surface of the body. Download the full anatomy book:- https://imojo.in/GrossAnatomy Practice paper Exercise Set-1 1. The chest is ____________ to the lungs. 2. The back is ____________ to the chest. 3. The forearm is __________ and triceps is ________ compared to each other. 4. The Biceps is _________ and wrist is _________ compared to each other. 5. The trapezius is __________ to abs. 6. The calves are ____________ to head. 7. The heart is _________ as compared to hand. 8. Hands are _________ as compared to the kidney. 9. The liver is __________ as compared to skin. 10. Skin is ____________ as compared to veins. JAI SINGH -(Gold-Medalist IITian) -Founder, Physique Engineer-Specialised Nutritionist, -Advanced Personal Trainer, -Female Fitness Trainer -Special Population Trainer - Author - Motivational speaker SHOP https://www.amazon.in/shop/physiqueengineer DESCRIPTION LINKS FACEBOOK PAGE :-https://www.facebook.com/physiqueengineer1/ INSTAGRAM :-https://www.instagram.com/physiqueengineer1/ WEBSITE:- https://www.physiqueengineer.net
Continue this lesson in the app
Install CourseHive on Android or iOS to keep learning while you move.
