http://gametheory101.com/courses/international-relations-101/
The repeated prisoner's dilemma showed that states can sustain cooperation though the threat of punishment in the future. But punishment in public goods interactions is complicated. For example, one state cannot adequately punish a second state for polluting without also polluting the air of other countries.
The solution is to link issues. Issue linkage allows states to make targeted punishments, which in turn allows for credible cooperation.
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