http://gametheory101.com/courses/international-relations-101/
Public goods often provide enormous benefits at small costs to their providers. However, because public goods are non-rival and non-excludable, those benefits are divided among a large group of individuals. This encourages free riding--why pay the cost when you can gain from everyone else's production?
But this leads to the collective action problem: no one ultimately produces the good, as everyone relies on someone else to do the dirty work.
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