Extra History | Chronological Order | Pre-History - 1699 CE - The History of Writing - Where the Story Begins - Extra History

📜 The History of Writing - Extra History Sumer was the land of the first real cities, and those cities required complex administration. The temples that kept people together were not only religious places but also warehouses that stored the community's collective wealth until it was needed to get through lean years. As the donations came in, scribes would count the items and draw pictures of them on clay tablets. The images quickly became abstract as the scribes needed to rush, and they also morphed to represent not just an image but the word itself - more specifically, the sound of the word, which meant that it could also be written to represent other words that sounded similar (homophones). Sumerian language often put words together to express new ideas, and the same concept applied to their writing. As people came to use this system more, the scribes began to write from left to right instead of top to bottom since they were less likely to mess up their clay tablets that way. Those who read the tablets didn't appreciate this change, so the scribes rotated the words 90 degrees allowing tablets to be rotated if the reader preferred - but this made the images even more abstract, until eventually, the pictograms vanished entirely to be replaced by wedge-shaped stylus marks: cuneiform. Many of Sumer's neighbors adopted this invention and helped it spread throughout the region, though completely different writing systems developed independently in cultures situated in places like China and South America! * Watch Extra History ad-free & get 1-week early access on *NEBULA* https://go.nebula.tv/extrahistory * Suggest & Vote on our next episodes, get exclusive content & 24-hour early access on *PATREON* https://bit.ly/EHPatreon * Show off your fandom with *MERCH* from our store! http://extracredits.store/ *Interested in sponsoring an episode?* Email us: extracredits@standard.tv TWITTER: http://bit.ly/ECTweet I FACEBOOK: http://bit.ly/ECFBPage INSTAGRAM: http://bit.ly/ECisonInstagram I TIKTOK: https://bit.ly/ECtiktokz GAMING: https://www.youtube.com/@extracredits I TWITCH: https://bit.ly/ECtwitch Thanks for the high-quality conversations & for following our community guidelines here: https://bit.ly/ECFansRNice Artist: David Hueso I Writer: James Portnow I Voice: Daniel Floyd I Editor: Carrie Floyd ♪ Music by Sean and Dean Kiner: http://bit.ly/1WdBhnm I ♪ Extra History Theme by Demetori: http://bit.ly/1EQA5N7 #ExtraHistory #ancienthistory #History