Engineering - Mass Separation: Crash Course Engineering #17

It can be really important to separate out chemicals for all kinds of reasons. Today we’re going over three different processes engineers use to achieve that separation: distillation, which separates substances based on their different boiling points; liquid-liquid extraction, which uses differences in solubility to transfer a contaminant into a solvent; and reverse osmosis, which filters molecules from a solvent by pressurizing it through a semipermeable barrier. Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV *** RESOURCES: https://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/29/science/q-a-salt-water-and-fresh.html https://www.grida.no/resources/5808 https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/67/12/1026/4605229 https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/ethanol https://www.britannica.com/science/distillation http://www.srsengineering.com/our-products/distillation-columns/how-columns-work/ http://www.wermac.org/equipment/distillation_part2.html https://www.aiche.org/resources/publications/cep/2015/november/design-principles-liquid-liquid-extraction https://puretecwater.com/reverse-osmosis/what-is-reverse-osmosis#understanding-reverse-osmosis https://www.veoliawatertechnologies.co.uk/technologies/reverse-osmosis http://www.toraywater.com/knowledge/kno_001_01.html https://www.pureaqua.com/reverse-osmosis-water-treatment-in-saudi-arabia/ https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/2051-separating-out-foods-into-component-molecules https://www.explainthatstuff.com/chromatography.html *** Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Mark Brouwer, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Eric Kitchen, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters -- Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids