MIT 2.43 Advanced Thermodynamics, Spring 2024 - Lecture 2: Second Law and Entropy; Adiabatic Availability; Maximum Entropy Principle

MIT 2.43 Advanced Thermodynamics, Spring 2024 Instructor: Gian Paolo Beretta View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/ Complete course table of contents with hyperlinks to slides and video timestamps: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_toc_slides_pdf/ Complete course analytical index with hyperlinks to slides and video timestamps: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_index_slides_pdf/ YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP6309d0oJDiVo1CvxUQXJ2il This lecture covers: Reversible process. Statement of the Second Law. Adiabatic availability. Mutual equilibrium. Temperature of a thermal reservoir. Definition of entropy. Entropy balance. Available energy. Maximum entropy principle. Fundamental stable equilibrium relation. Instructor suggests to set viewing speed at 1.5 for faster learning. Slides for this lecture: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_lec02_pdf/ Key moments: 00:00:00 - Introduction 00:00:22 - Review: Course Objectives: Part I 00:00:42 - The Loaded Meaning of the Word System 00:01:56 - The Loaded Meaning of the Word Property 00:02:24 - What Exactly Do We Mean by the Word State? 00:02:44 - General Laws of Time Evolution 00:03:54 - Time Evolution, Interactions, Process 00:04:20 - Definition of Weight Process 00:04:40 - Main Consequence of the First Law: Energy 00:05:54 - Energy Balance Equation 00:07:01 - States: Steady/Unsteady/Equilibrium/Nonequilibrium 00:07:24 - Equilibrium States: Unstable/Metastable/Stable 00:08:16 - Hatsopoulos-Keenan Statement of the Second Law 00:09:44 - Consequences of First and Second Law together 00:10:45 - Theorem: Kelvin-Planck Statement of the Second Law 00:16:20 - Proof of the Kelvin-Planck Statement 00:18:39 - What Exactly Do We Mean by Reversible Process? 00:22:40 - Second Part of the Statement of the Second Law 00:24:03 - Definition of Adiabatic Availability 00:30:25 - Criterion for Reversibility of a Weight Process 00:34:23 - Mutual Equilibrium and Thermal Reservoir 00:41:05 - Feasibility of Standard Reversible Weight Process 00:47:30 - Definition of Temperature of a Thermal Reservoir 00:54:49 - Definition of Property Entropy 00:57:32 - Available Energy w.r.to a Thermal Reservoir 01:04:14 - Entropy: Engineering Meaning and Additivity 01:07:16 - Entropy Cannot Decrease in a Weight Process 01:07:38 - Criteria for Reversibility of a Weight Process 01:10:08 - Exchangeability of Entropy via Interactions 01:11:34 - Entropy Balance Equation 01:17:33 - Maximum Entropy and Minimum Energy Principles 01:25:14 - State Principle and Fundamental Relation 01:36:53 - Partial Derivatives of the Fundamental Relation License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA More information at https://ocw.mit.edu/terms More courses at https://ocw.mit.edu Support OCW at http://ow.ly/a1If50zVRlQ We encourage constructive comments and discussion on OCW’s YouTube and other social media channels. Personal attacks, hate speech, trolling, and inappropriate comments are not allowed and may be removed. More details at https://ocw.mit.edu/comments.