GCSE Biology (9-1) - How are Proteins Made? Transcription & Translation

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Keywords

protein synthesis transcription translation how are proteins made where are proteins made ribosomes triplet codon mrna dna making proteins protein

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⭐️ Find revision notes, questions, flashcards and more: https://cognitoedu.link/biology_protein_synthesis *** WHAT'S COVERED *** 1. Introduction to Protein Synthesis 2. Overview of the two main stages: Transcription and Translation. 3. Messenger RNA (mRNA) * mRNA as a copy of a single gene. * Key structural differences between mRNA and DNA (length, single strand, Uracil vs Thymine). 4. Transcription: Copying the Gene * The role of RNA Polymerase. * Complementary base pairing rules for mRNA synthesis. * Formation of the mRNA strand. 5. Translation: Building the Protein * Role of the ribosome * How codons code for specific amino acids. * Role of Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. * Folding of the amino acid chain into a functional protein. *** EXAM BOARD INFO *** AQA - Separate/triple science and higher tier only - You don't need to know the details, just the overall idea IGCSE Edexcel - Separate/triple science and higher tier only Edexcel - Separate/triple science and higher tier only OCR 21st Century - Separate/triple science and higher tier only - You don't need to know the details, just the overall idea OCR Gateway - Separate/triple science and higher tier only - You don't need to know the details, just the overall idea *** CHAPTERS *** 0:00 Intro to Protein Synthesis 0:15 The Two Stages: Transcription & Translation 0:48 Why We Need mRNA 2:05 mRNA vs DNA Structure 2:49 Transcription: Making mRNA 3:12 Uncoiling DNA for Transcription 3:49 RNA Polymerase & Base Pairing Rules (A-U, C-G) 5:47 Template Strand 6:42 Translation: Overview 7:02 Codons (Triplets) & Amino Acids 7:45 Translation: Making the Protein 8:06 Role of tRNA & Anticodons 9:42 Building the Amino Acid Chain 10:48 Forming the Protein (Folding) *** PLAYLISTS *** https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLidqqIGKox7XPh1QacLRiKto_UlnRIEVh&si=orIUwL3o2jOoiYjT https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLidqqIGKox7X5UFT-expKIuR-i-BN3Q1g&si=DcihOwUkd9oWbbdp https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLidqqIGKox7WeOKVGHxcd69kKqtwrKl8W&si=Y8MsO-FK948jnxpS https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLidqqIGKox7UVC-8WC9djoeBzwxPeXph7&si=-7i5Iq7yOeJrhtu6 https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLidqqIGKox7VKJD2WxRhoKaI6JGLVean8&si=NH_Q1ujhVgACM2FU #GCSE #Biology #study #revision #school #exam #AQA #OCR #Edexcel #IGCSE #IB #AP