CSS Environmental Sciences Complete Course by Tayyaba Hafeez (Silver Medalist) - CSS Environmental Sciences | History of Environmental Movements | Tayyaba Hafeez | Study River

The contemporary environmental movement arose primarily from concerns in the late 19th century about the protection of the countryside in Europe and the wilderness in the United States and the health consequences of pollution during the Industrial Revolution. In opposition to the dominant political philosophy of the time, liberalism—which held that all social problems, including environmental ones, could and should be solved through the free market—most early environmentalists believed that government rather than the market should be charged with protecting the environment and ensuring the conservation of resources. An early philosophy of resource conservation was developed by Gifford Pinchot (1865–1946), the first chief of the U.S. Forest Service, for whom conservation represented the wise and efficient use of resources. Also in the United States at about the same time, a more strongly biocentric approach arose in the preservationist philosophy of John Muir (1838–1914), founder of the Sierra Club, and Aldo Leopold (1887–1948), a professor of wildlife management who was pivotal in the designation of Gila National Forest in New Mexico in 1924 as America’s first national wilderness area. Leopold introduced the concept of a land ethic, arguing that humans should transform themselves from conquerors of nature into citizens of it; his essays, compiled posthumously in A Sand County Almanac (1949), had a significant influence on later biocentric environmentalists. #CSSEXAMS, #CSSpreparation, #ppscjobs, #general Knowledge 𝘾𝙤𝙣𝙩𝙖𝙘𝙩 𝙐𝙨 Email us on 𝗴𝘂𝗿𝘂𝗲𝗱𝘀@𝗴𝗺𝗮𝗶𝗹.𝗰𝗼𝗺 𝗙𝗮𝗰𝗲𝗯𝗼𝗼𝗸 𝗣𝗮𝗴𝗲: https://www.facebook.com/studyriverofficial 𝗙𝗮𝗰𝗲𝗯𝗼𝗼𝗸 𝗚𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗽: https://www.facebook.com/groups/cssclub.com.pk/