A-Level Biology - A-Level Biology - Mutations! Gene and Chromosome Mutations

⭐️ Check out our website https://www.cognito.org/ ⭐️ *** WHAT'S COVERED *** 1. Introduction to gene mutations * A gene mutation is a change in the sequence of DNA bases. * Mutations can happen spontaneously or be caused by mutagens. * Examples of mutagens include ionising radiation, certain chemicals, and viruses. 2. Types of gene mutations * Deletion mutations, where a base is removed, causing a frameshift. * Insertion mutations, where a base is added, also causing a frameshift. * Substitution mutations, where one base is replaced by another. 3. Introduction to chromosome mutations * These are changes to the number of chromosomes or their overall structure. * This video focuses on mutations that affect the number of chromosomes. 4. Types of mutations affecting chromosome number * Polyploidy, where an organism has more than two sets of chromosomes (e.g., triploidy). * Non-disjunction, where homologous chromosomes fail to separate properly during meiosis, leading to gametes with extra or missing chromosomes. *** CHAPTERS *** 0:00 Introduction 0:27 What are Gene Mutations? 1:43 Types of Gene Mutations 1:53 Deletion Mutations 2:52 Insertion Mutations 3:34 Substitution Mutations 4:42 What are Chromosome Mutations? 5:07 Polyploidy 6:03 Non-disjunction *** PLAYLISTS *** https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLidqqIGKox7VzYfPIVt8T09xOLNcolCe4&si=8JmDajxjtba6rdc3 https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLidqqIGKox7UZ3mWhbHv2aA_1vnbsfRPq&si=q3hEKdA4v7kbfwMe https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLidqqIGKox7XPh1QacLRiKto_UlnRIEVh&si=orIUwL3o2jOoiYjT https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLidqqIGKox7X5UFT-expKIuR-i-BN3Q1g&si=DcihOwUkd9oWbbdp https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLidqqIGKox7WeOKVGHxcd69kKqtwrKl8W&si=Y8MsO-FK948jnxpS https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLidqqIGKox7UVC-8WC9djoeBzwxPeXph7&si=-7i5Iq7yOeJrhtu6 https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLidqqIGKox7VKJD2WxRhoKaI6JGLVean8&si=NH_Q1ujhVgACM2FU #Alevel #Biology #study #revision #school #exam #AQA #OCR #Edexcel #IGCSE #IB #AP